Many people believe that using walking or running to lose weight is basically the same thing because they state that they both burn the same number of calories per mile. However, this simply isn’t true.
This belief is probably more down to hope than judgement because walking is far easier than running.
Do they really believe that a 3 mile steady walk could burn the same energy and the same number of calories as a 3 mile gut busting run? It just doesn’t make any sense.
The theory behind this thinking is that whether you run or walk for a mile you’re still carrying the same weight over the same distance which results in your body using the same energy.
Therefore you should burn the same number of calories whether you’re using walking or running to lose weight, right. Wrong!
When walking, your centre of gravity remains at a fairly constant height above the ground. In other words you walk along fairly smoothly with little upwards or downwards movement.
When running, your centre of gravity varies much more. You have to lift your weight and push yourself off from the ground, and when you land your body lowers as your knees bend to absorb the shock.
It takes a lot of energy to keep propelling yourself into the air like this and that’s why the number of calories burned running is greater than walking.
This explanation clearly shows that the calories burned running or walking depends on the horizontal distance that you move plus the vertical distance, rather than just the horizontal distance alone.
The following equations can be used to calculate the number of calories burned running and walking, as adapted from “Energy Expenditure of Walking and Running” (“Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise”, December 2004).
In this study researchers measured the calories burned running and walking over 1600 metres (around a mile) on a treadmill for 12 men and 12 women. The average calories burned running was 124 for the men with 88 calories burned walking. The women burned 105 and 74 calories.
The men burned more calories than the women because they averaged a heavier weight.
Running
Gross calorie burn per mile = 1.65 x weight (kg)
Net calorie burn per mile = 1.39 x weight (kg)
Or
Gross calorie burn per mile = 0.75 x weight (pounds)
Net calorie burn per mile = 0.63 x weight (pounds)
Walking
Gross calorie burn per mile = 1.17 x weight (kg)
Net calorie burn per mile = 0.66 x weight (kg)
Or
Gross calorie burn per mile = 0.53 x weight (pounds)
Net calorie burn per mile = 0.30 x weight (pounds)
As well as burning more calories, running also has other advantages over walking. For example, because it’s a harder form of exercise your fitness will improve much quicker which means that your ability to burn calories also increases.
In other words you can complete more exercise at a much higher quality level and therefore it becomes easier for you to burn calories and lose weight.
Running is also a quicker form of exercise than walking which means you can cover the same distance while saving plenty of time. Or you could run for the same time as what you would normally walk and therefore cover more distance and burn many more calories.
Now that you know why using running to lose weight is much more effective than walking why not take full advantage of this and make running a part of your life.
There’s absolutely nothing wrong with walking to burn calories and help you along the way but it just makes more sense to focus most of your efforts and time on using running to lose weight.
James Porter is a qualified UK Athletics Coach and has been an active runner since 1997. He specialises in helping people use running to lose weight and make a real difference to their life in the process. To discover exactly how you can use running to lose weight, visit: http://www.RunningandWeightLoss.com
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Plot summary
At the beginning of this story, it is made quite clear that Dorothy, the primary protagonist of many of the previous Oz books, is in the habit of freely speaking of her adventures to her only living relatives, her aunt and uncle. Neither of them believes a word of her stories, but consider her a dreamer. She is undeterred, unlike her alter ego in the film Return to Oz, who is much perturbed by her guardians’ doubts.
Later, it is revealed that the destruction of their farmhouse in the original book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz has left Dorothy’s Uncle Henry in terrible debt. In order to pay it, he has taken out a mortgage on his farm. If he cannot repay his creditors, they will seize the farm. Henry is not afraid for himself, but both he and his wife, Dorothy’s Aunt Em, fear very much for their niece’s future. Dorothy arranges with Princess Ozma to take them to the Land of Oz, where they will be safe. Using the Magic Belt, a tool captured from the jealous Nome King Roquat, Ozma transports Dorothy’s aunt and uncle to her throne room. They are given rooms to live in and luxuries to enjoy, including a vast and complex wardrobe. They meet with many of Dorothy’s animal friends, including the Cowardly Lion and Billina the Yellow Hen.
In the underground Nome Kingdom, the desirous Roquat is plotting to seize the Land of Oz. He was greatly embarrassed years ago when Dorothy, Ozma, and their many friends entered his domain and freed the royal family of Ev from imprisonment; as a result, he wants to embarrass them in a similar way. After ordering the expulsion of his General, who will not agree to such an attack, and the death of his Colonel, who also refuses, King Roquat holds counsel with a veteran soldier called Guph. This Guph believes that against the many magicians and magicks of Oz (the reputation of which has grown in the telling), the Nome Army has no chance alone. He therefore sets out personally to recruit allies.
Dorothy, accompanied by the Wizard of Oz and several other friends, departs the Emerald City in a carriage drawn by the Wooden Sawhorse, intending to give her aunt and uncle a tour of the land. Many of the people encountered have never been seen in other books: the living cut-out paper dolls created by an immortal called Miss Cuttenclip; the anthropomorphic jigsaw puzzles known as the Fuddles; the loquacious Rigmaroles; the paranoid Flutterbudgets; the living kitchen utensils of Utensia; the anthropomorphic pastries of Bunbury; the civilized rabbits of Bunnybury; and the zebra, who holds geographical disputes with a crab. Other figures, more familiar to readers of previous books, include the Tin Woodman and the Scarecrow, as well as the four tribes of Oz– the Munchkins, the Quadlings, the Gillikins, and the Winkies.
The Nome General Guph visits three nations; the Whimsies, the Growleywogs, and the Phanfasms. The Whimsies are large and hulking, but possess disproportionately small heads. This causes other species to call them stupid, stripping them of any self-esteem. To deny this, the Whimsies wear enormous, luridly designed masks that cover all of their heads.
The Growleywogs are muscular giants, possessing no surplus flesh and no mercy. They are arrogant and cruel. As such, they are eager not only to help the Nomes conquer Oz, but also to subjugate the Nomes as well. Of the latter plan, they say nothing, but send Guph on his way.
Last of his meetings is that which is with the mysterious, diabolical Phanfasms. To Guph, the Phanfasms resemble men, but having the heads of various carnivorous animals. Their true forms, number, standard of living, culture, and extent of influence remain unknown to both Guph and the reader, although both receive hints in the narrative. The Phanfasms send Guph home, telling him that they will conquer Oz alongside the other armies. It is their plan to do so, then to turn traitor and dominate their allies. Having learned of this through Ozma’s omniscient Magic Picture, the people of Oz become worried.
The climax takes place in the Emerald City, where Ozma wishes (using her magic belt) for a large amount of dust to appear in the tunnel. The Nome King and his allies are defeated after they drink thirstily from the Fountain of Oblivion and forget all their evil plans. Ozma uses the magic belt to send them all home. To forestall a future invasion of Oz Glinda uses a magic charm to render Oz invisible and unreachable to everyone except those within the land itself.
Commentary
The Emerald City of Oz contains more material on the social organization of Oz than most of the earlier books, and as a consequence has attracted commentary on its Utopian aspects. The “explicitly socialist” economy of Oz has been contrasted to other “fantasy” projections of socialist societies, like Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward *1888) and William Morris’s News from Nowhere (1890). How far such analyses and comparisons should be pursued is of course open to debate; as Baum writes of the social structure of Oz in Chapter Three, p. 31, “I do not suppose such an arrangement would be practical with us….”
Gregory Maguire, author of the revisionist Oz novels Wicked and Son of a Witch, has written that The Emerald City of Oz “is suffused with an elegiac quality” and compares its tone with that of The Last Battle, the final volume of C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia.
The Forbidden Fountain that Baum introduces to Oz literature in this book recurs in ensuing Oz books, by Baum and by his various successors. The Fountain is an important feature in The Magic of Oz (1919), The Forbidden Fountain of Oz (1980), The Wicked Witch of Oz (1993), and Paradox in Oz (1999).
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The 1986 Japanese animated series Oz no Mahtsukai included the story. It was later shortened and edited into a single feature for US video and DVD release.
In 1987, a straight-to-video animated adaptation was made in Canada.
Footnotes
^ Michael O. Riley, Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum, p 160, ISBN 0-7006-0832-X
^ James Thurber, “The Wizard of Chitenango”, p 66 Fantasists on Fantasy edited by Robert H. Boyer and Kenneth J. Zahorski, ISBN 0-380-86553-X
^ Jack Zipes, When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition, p 178-9 ISBN 0-415-92151-1
^ Katharine M. Rogers, L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 2002; pp. 168-72.
^ Maguire, Gregory (2006), “Introduction: Welcome to Oz”, A Wonderful Welcome to Oz, New York: Modern Library, pp. xviiviii, ISBN 0-8129-7494-8 .
External links
The Emerald City of Oz at Project Gutenberg
The Oz books
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The Road to Oz
The Emerald City of Oz
1910
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The Patchwork Girl of Oz
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The Emerald City of Oz
v d e
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Oz portal
General
Land of Oz Characters Major books Apocrypha Adaptations The Oz Film Manufacturing Company
Authors
L. Frank Baum Ruth Plumly Thompson John R. Neill Jack Snow Rachel Cosgrove Payes Eloise McGraw Alexander Volkov Sherwood Smith
Illustrators
William Wallace Denslow John R. Neill Frank Kramer Dirk Gringhuis Dick Martin Eric Shanower
Characters
Princess Ozma Dorothy Gale Scarecrow Tin Woodman Cowardly Lion Hungry Tiger Saw-Horse The Wizard of Oz Good Witch of the North Glinda Wicked Witch of the West Nome King Mombi Ugu the shoemaker Tik-Tok Jack Pumpkinhead Aunt Em Uncle Henry Cap’n Bill Unc Nunkie Jellia Jamb Woggle-Bug Shaggy Man Polychrome Frogman Cayke Ervic Belfaygor of Bourne Toto Billina Eureka Glass Cat Button-Bright Betsy Bobbin Trot Peter Brown Wicked Witch of the East Bell-snickle Jenny Jump Soldier with the Green Whiskers Guardian of the Gates Dr. Pipt Ojo the Lucky Ku-Klip Nimmie Amee Patchwork Girl Jinjur Woozy Kabumpo Sir Hokus of Pokes Jinnicky the Red Jinn Pigasus Pastoria Gayelette Queen Lurline Princess Langwidere Queen Coo-ee-oh Doctor Nikidik Mrs. Yoop Johnny Dooit The Gump Boq Munchkins Winkies Quadlings Gillikins
Adaptations
Official canon
The Wizard of Oz (1902) The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910) Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz The Land of Oz The Patchwork Girl of Oz The Magic Cloak of Oz His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz Wizard of Oz (1925) The Wizard of Oz (1933) The Wizard of Oz (1939) Tales of the Wizard of Oz Return to Oz (1964) The Wonderful Land of Oz Journey Back to Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1975) The Wiz The Marvelous Land of Oz The Wizard of Oz (1982) Return to Oz (1985) Lost in Oz Dorothy of Oz The Muppets’ Wizard of Oz Emerald City Confidential The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics) Dorothy of Oz (2011) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2011)
TV series
The Wizard of Oz (1990) The Oz Kids (1996)
Translations
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series) The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz Os Trapalhes e o Mgico de Orz Ayecik ve Sihirli Cceler Ryalar lkesinde
Parodies
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha’s
Reimagining
The Wizard of Mars Zardoz Oz Tin Man
The Wiz
Musical Film
The Wicked Years
Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West Son of a Witch A Lion Among Men Wicked
Categories: 1910 novels | Oz books
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I know that all of you have seen the word calorie many times over by this point, but how many of you have actually thought about what a calorie actually is? Probably not too many. When it really comes down to it, calories are what help us achieve or goals of either losing or gaining weight, so it’s important to understand what a calorie actually is and how it effects these goals.
Most of you probably already know that to lose weight you need to have a calorie deficit in your diet, and to gain weight you need a calorie surplus, let’s explain why this is the case.
A “calorie” is actually a unit of energy. More specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
Most of us think of calories as being related to food, but calories can be found in just about anything containing energy. The calories that we see in foods are actually Kilocalories (1,000 Kilocalories = 1 calorie), but it’s easier for people to consider everything as a calorie so that’s what we use.
So, are you starting to see how these calorie deficits and surpluses can help us? Let’s look into it further.
When it comes to the body, it needs to energy to survive. It needs energy to do every single solitary function that the body does. If you were to eat a food that let’s say has 180 calories, your body takes this and breaks it down through metabolic processes (You’ll learn more about this in another article). These metabolic processes break down the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and send them through the blood stream to cells, or continue on with the metabolic process to react with Oxygen to release energy.
To simplify things, Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein, are the actual energy when broken down by our body. So 1g Carbohydrate = 4 calories, 1g Fat = 4 calories, and 1g Protein = 9 calories. If you take those numbers and calculate them for a food you’ll notice that it adds up to about the same number of Calories that it says on the label.
You’re probably asking yourself, “How the heck does this effect my weight loss/weight gain then?”. Well, consider this. If my Basal Metabolic Rate, or BMR, is 2500 calories per day, meaning the amount of energy my body needs to maintain it’s current state, and I consume 1900 calories day, then my body is going to have to make up for those 600 lost calories somewhere else. Usually in the form of Fat, causing fat loss. Likewise, if I consume 3000 calories, my body isn’t going to need 500 of those calories so it stores the Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins causing weight gain.
All of this, of course, is dependent on the type of food you consume. If I consume 1900 calories from Fat and Carbohydrates then I am most likely going to lose a lot of muscle, but you can bet I’ll lose weight as well. This is why it’s important to maintain a good Macronutrient ratio which includes Protein, Carbohydrates, and healthy Fats.
Justin Robinson writes about Diet and Fitness on his blog. Visit him at http://fitness.entropyconcepts.com for more great articles.
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